How Cold Weather Can Be Tough for Your Heart

When the temperature drops and cold weather hits, people with heart disease must take extra precautions to keep themselves warm and healthy. 

How does cold weather affect the heart?

“Cold weather affects your heart because it causes the body’s blood vessels to narrow to preserve heat, which raises blood pressure and causes the heart rate to go up,” said Chong Park, MD, Catholic Health Cardiologist.

He explained that the heart has to work harder to pump blood, which increases your risk of a heart attack or other cardiovascular conditions.

Studies have shown that more heart attacks occur in the winter months than at any other time of the year. 

Although not as common, cold weather can also lead to an increase in blood clotting that puts extra strain on your heart and potentially cause a heart attack or stroke.

Does cold weather affect cholesterol and heart disease risk?

“Studies suggest cholesterol levels tend to rise during colder months,” said Dr. Park.

Cold weather can lead to constricted arteries, making blood flow more challenging and increasing the likelihood of plaque buildup in the coronary arteries.

Cold temperatures also can contribute to increased heart disease risk for several reasons, including:

• Dietary changes. In the winter months, we are more likely to choose “comfort food” over healthier food.
• Reduced physical activity. In the winter months, we are more likely to be sedentary.

What precautions can I take to protect my heart during cold weather?

Dr. Park noted that for people who live with existing heart conditions, including atrial fibrillation (AFib), heart failure and high blood pressure, cold weather is especially dangerous.

“If you have an existing heart condition, talk to your cardiologist before colder weather or the winter months happen so you can take the right precautions and not engage in any activity that worsens your condition,” he said.

There are several ways to protect yourself when cold weather hits.

Exercise indoors

Cold air makes breathing harder. Breathing in cold air during exercise or walking against the wind puts an additional strain on the heart for people with a heart condition.

Instead, choose heart-healthy indoor exercises, such as walking on a treadmill, as part of your daily routine to keep your heart strong.

Avoid shoveling snow

Shoveling snow is a strenuous activity, especially dangerous for people with cardiac issues. Studies have linked snow shoveling with heart attacks.

Maintain a healthy diet

Avoid overeating or choosing foods that are highly processed or high in saturated fat. Choose healthier, heart-friendly foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

Get the flu shot

Cold exposure can increase your risk for respiratory infections, like the flu, which can strain the cardiovascular system. People with heart disease make up about half of adults hospitalized with flu. Talk to your primary care physician (PCP) about when to schedule your flu shot. 

Dress warmly and in layers

Staying warm and dressing appropriately for cold, rain, and wind helps to maintain body heat and puts less strain on the heart. 

Other heart-healthy habits include:

• Avoid too much alcohol
• Get enough sleep
• Maintain a healthy diet 
• Manage stress
• Monitor blood pressure 
• Quit smoking and vaping
• Stay hydrated

When should I seek help?

“If you have a heart condition, I recommend paying attention to how you feel when you go outside in cold weather,” said Dr. Park. “If you experience shortness of breath or chest discomfort or pain, seek immediate medical treatment.”